Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.     

Orbital stability close to asteroid 624 Hektor using the polyhedral model

We investigate the orbital stability close to the unique L4-point Jupiter binary Trojan asteroid 624 Hektor. The gravitational potential of 624 Hektor is calculated using the polyhedron model with observational data of 2038 faces and 1021 vertexes. Previous studies have presented three different density values for 624 Hektor. The equilibrium points in the gravitational potential of 624 Hektor with different density values have been studied in detail. There are five equilibrium points in the gravitational potential of 624 Hektor no matter the density value. The positions, Jacobian, eigenvalues, topological cases, stability, as well as the Hessian matrix of the equilibrium points are investigated. For the three different density values the number, topological cases, and the stability of the equilibrium points with different density values are the same. However, the positions of the equilibrium points vary with the density value of the asteroid 624 Hektor. The outer equilibrium points move away from the asteroid’s mass center when the density increases, and the inner equilibrium point moves close to the asteroid’s mass center when the density increases. There exist unstable periodic orbits near the surface of 624 Hektor. We calculated an orbit near the primary’s equatorial plane of this binary Trojan asteroid; the results indicate that the orbit remains stable after 28.8375?d.     

飞机动态推出控制策略仿真优化模型

机场离港运行的无序化造成滑行过程中的长时间排队等待及大量燃油浪费。为了减少燃油消耗和废气排放,在已有的动态推出控制策略基础上提出了阶梯函数控制策略(Step function,SPC)和非线性函数动态推出策略(Nonlinear function,NPC)的一般形式,以离港成本为目标,建立了基于停机位等待惩罚的动态推出控制模型,在不延误的前提下提出了一种基于网格参数优化的蒙特卡洛仿真优化算法。通过北京首都机场实际运行数据对推出过程进行仿真计算,并与无控制策略以及传统N-control策略的最优可达解进行仿真对比,结果表明:在不延误的前提下,提出的推出策略可以更加有效地降低平均滑行道滑行时间,NPC策略的离港运行成本和燃油成本可降低45.52%和54.23%,SPC虽然成本节省劣于NPC策略,但是其简单的操作方式可以为离港推出调度方式的改进提供决策支持。     

主辅拦截器协同制导方法研究

随着现代导弹技术的发展,导弹的突防能力越来越强,对导弹的防御难度也逐渐增大。为增强拦截器的杀伤力并降低成本,可利用主辅拦截器协同制导对目标进行拦截。建立了拦截器与目标的相对运动模型,通过对运动方程进行线性化分析,发现协同制导问题实质为具有终端时间限制条件的导引问题,该问题可转化为线性化系统的最优控制问题。利用最优控制中的极小值原理设计了时间协同制导律。仿真结果表明:该制导律可实现多枚拦截器在同一时刻拦截目标的协同制导要求。     

直升机抛射物体平衡及稳定性分析

基于部件级建模理论建立了建立直升机-外挂装置系统六自由度飞行动力学模型。对所建模型进行了配平计算，与参考数据进行了对比。计算分析了不同速度下采用不同方式抛射物体时直升机的稳定性。结果表明，单侧抛射由于反冲力不对称，抛射物体对于直升机的滚转角和横向周期变距有显著的影响；随飞行速度增大，抛射物体对于直升机横向荷兰滚模态稳定性影响增大，当前飞速度达到50m/s以上时，荷兰滚模态演变为两个发散的非周期模态，稳定性明显变差，直升机应在较低速度下抛射物体。      

危险天气下航班等待与改航的实时集成优化

为了提高航班准点率,降低危险天气对航班飞行的影响,同时考虑等待策略和改航策略,进行实时空中交通流量管理的研究。以改航起始点至改航结束点间的总航行时长最短为目标,安全可行性、技术可行性为约束,建立了数学模型,并设计了两阶段求解算法,先基于遗传算法优化等待时长和改航路径,再基于"化曲为直"和"二分法"的思想调整改航路径,得到了最佳等待时长和改航路径。仿真结果表明,该算法得到的实时优化结果优于几何切线法;相比静态改航,更能提高空域利用率;相比单独考虑等待策略,总航行时长降低了17.04%;相比单独考虑改航策略,总航行时长降低了3.98%;验证了危险天气下航班等待时长与改航路径实时集成优化在实时空中交通流量管理中的有效性。     

火星大气进入段抗饱和固定时间阻力加速度跟踪制导律设计

研究了具有固定时间收敛特性的火星探测器大气进入段的标称轨迹跟踪制导问题。首先，针对横向运动，给出与速度成线性关系的航向误差漏斗走廊形式，完成了倾侧角的反号逻辑设计。与横程漏斗走廊反号逻辑相比，该逻辑计算量小，更适用于宇航计算机。与航向误差宽度走廊反号逻辑相比，该逻辑在高速状态下能够避免倾侧角的频繁切换，可提高任务成功的概率。其次，针对纵向运动，通过RBF神经网络补偿了倾侧角饱和问题，利用积分滑模设计了阻力加速度固定时间饱和跟踪制导律，其不仅可有效消除滑模控制的抖振问题，且将跟踪误差以两种不同形式引入制导律，能够加速收敛，能够保证跟踪误差在固定时间内快速收敛至0。最后，通过数值仿真验证了所设计的横向倾侧角切换逻辑和纵向制导律对标称轨迹的快速、精确跟踪能力。     

Analysis and design of Cubesat constellation for the Mediterranean south costal monitoring against illegal immigration

Costal monitoring is focused on fast response to illegal immigration and illegal ship traffic. Especially, the illegal ship traffic has been present in media since April 2015, as the number of reported deaths of immigrants crossing the Mediterranean significantly increased. Satellite images provide a possibility to at least partially control both types of events. This paper defines the principal criteria to select the best satellite constellation architecture for maritime and coastal monitoring, filling the gaps of imagery techniques in term of real-time control. The primary purpose of a constellation is to obtain global measurement improving the temporal resolution. The small size and low-cost are the main factors, which make CubeSats ideal for use in constellations. We propose a constellation of 9 Cubesats distributed evenly in 3 different planes. This reduces the revisit time enhancing the coverage duration. In addition, it also allows observing fire, damage on building and similar disasters. In this analysis, the performance criteria were reported such as the revisit time, the vision duration and the area coverage.     

基于CFD高精度算法的雷电电磁场研究

雷电空间电磁场一直是电磁领域研究的热门，成熟的算法例如有限时域差分法（FDTD），传输线矩阵法（TLM）以及频域的矩量法（MoM）在计算雷电问题方面都有广泛的应用。由于计算流体力学（CFD）中的Euler方程与电磁学中的Maxwell方程有着相同的守恒形式，而且采用间断伽辽金方法（DG）已经在流场问题上得到广泛的尝试，因此引入了基于计算流体力学的DG方法来离散时域Maxwell方程，并采用网格分区并行技术加速计算，使用基于DG的圆球雷达散射截面积（RCS）算例进行测试，数值结果一致表明DG算法在求解电磁场问题上的可行性，之后通过计算一段近场雷电通道的电场分布并与解析解、某算法仿真解对比，数据基本吻合，说明该方法适合于雷电电磁场的计算。